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中国沙漠 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 66-77.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00108

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帕米尔高原黑碳气溶胶浓度特征与溯源分析

汤成鑫1,2(), 康永德2,3, 陈红娜4, 杜新甜1,2, 王敏仲2, 何清2, 刘涛5, 刘新春2()   

  1. 1.新疆大学 生态与环境学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046
    2.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所 塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站/新疆沙漠气象与沙尘暴重点实验室/中国气象局树木年轮理化研究重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
    3.兰州理工大学,甘肃 兰州 730050
    4.新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐生态环境监测站,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    5.塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县气象局,新疆 塔什库尔干 845250
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-29 修回日期:2023-07-15 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 刘新春
  • 作者简介:刘新春(E-mail: liuxch@idm.cn
    汤成鑫(1998—),男,四川小金人,硕士研究生,主要从事黑碳气溶胶来源分析研究。E-mail: tt2985217401@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK010206-02);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01A364);科技创新团队(天山创新团队)项目(2022TSYCTD007);中国沙漠气象科学基金项目(Sqj2022009)

Characterization and traceability of black carbon aerosol mass concentration on the Pamir Plateau

Chengxin Tang1,2(), Yongde Kang2,3, Hongna Chen4, Xintian Du1,2, Minzhong Wang2, Qing He2, Tao Liu5, Xinchun Liu2()   

  1. 1.College of Ecology and Environment,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China
    2.Taklamakan National Station of Field Scientific Observation and Research for Desert Meteorology in Xinjiang / Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Meteorology and Sandstorm / China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Research on Tree Annuli,Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China
    3.Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
    4.Urumqi Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Station,Urumqi 830011,China
    5.Meteorological Bureau of Tashkurgan County,Tashkurgan 845250,Xinjiang,China
  • Received:2023-05-29 Revised:2023-07-15 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-19
  • Contact: Xinchun Liu

摘要:

帕米尔高原作为“中巴经济走廊”建设的关键区域,毗邻干旱半干旱沙漠地带,荒漠化严重,容易发生起沙现象。为研究帕米尔高原黑碳不同时间尺度上的浓度变化特征和潜在源区,利用AE-33黑碳仪对帕米尔高原2019年3月至2022年12月的黑碳质量浓度进行连续观测,利用HYPSLIT后向轨迹模型对观测期间内的黑碳进行聚类分析、潜在来源贡献因子分析(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析(CWT)。结果表明:(1)2019年3月至2022年12月黑碳浓度呈现波动下降趋势,黑碳排放量少,空气清洁度高;日变化呈双峰型分布,峰值分别出现在09:00和20:00。(2)黑碳浓度在季节上呈现冬季(713.33±126.16 ng·m-3)>秋季(648.00±70.23 ng·m-3)>春季(403.33±30.64 ng·m-3)>夏季(390.67±32.89 ng·m-3)的变化规律,境外污染排放和季节性自然环境变化是黑碳浓度变化的主要原因。(3)黑碳浓度与温度(r=-0.522)、风速(r=-0.427)和湿度(r=0.345)相关性显著水平较高。(4)帕米尔高原黑碳浓度随季节变化差异明显,受远距离输送影响,四季气流主要源于境外。春季潜在源集中于巴基斯坦北部和克什米尔地区,秋季潜在源集中在乌兹别克斯坦苏尔汉河州、塔吉克斯坦杜尚别和戈尔诺-巴达赫尚自治州,冬季受境外排放源影响严重。帕米尔高原黑碳存在明显的时空浓度变化特征,且受气象因素及远距离输送影响潜在源区主要为境外地区。

关键词: 黑碳气溶胶, 帕米尔高原, 后向轨迹模型, 潜在源

Abstract:

As a key region in the construction of "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor",the Pamir Plateau is adjacent to the arid and semi-arid desert zone, which is seriously desertified and prone to sand. In order to investigate the concentration variation characteristics and potential source areas of black carbon (BC) on the Pamir Plateau at different time scales, continuous observations of BC concentrations on the Pamir Plateau from March 2019 to December 2022 were conducted using the AE-33 black carbon monitor, and cluster analysis, potential source contribution factor analysis (PSCF) and concentration weight trajectory analysis (CWT) were performed on BC during the observation period using the HYPSLIT model. The results show that: (1) The BC concentration from March 2019 to December 2022 shows a fluctuating decreasing trend with low BC emissions and high air cleanliness. The daily changes show a bimodal distribution with peaks occurring at 09:00 am and 20:00 pm, respectively. (2) BC concentrations show a seasonal pattern in winter (713.33±126.16 ng·m-3)>autumn (648.00±70.23 ng·m-3)> spring (403.33±30.64 ng·m-3) > summer (390.67±32.89 ng·m-3), with offshore pollution emissions and seasonal changes in the natural environment being the main reason for the variation of BC concentration. (3) BC concentration is correlated with meteorological element temperature (r=-0.522), wind speed (r=-0.427) and humidity (r=0.345) at a high level of significance. (4) There is significant seasonal variation in BC concentrations on the Pamir Plateau, which is affected by long distance transport. Potential sources are concentrated in northern Pakistan and Kashmir in spring (WPSCF > 0.6, WCWT > 600 ng·m-3); Potential sources are concentrated in Surkhandarya of Uzbekistan, Dushanbe and Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblasts of Tajikistan in autumn (WPSCF > 0.7, WCWT > 800 ng·m-3). There are obvious spatial and temporal concentration variations of BC on the Pamir Plateau, and its potential source are mainly from outside the country due to meteorological factors and long-distance transport.

Key words: black carbon, Pamir Plateau, backward trajectory model, potential source

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